Trinidad Tecson
(1848-1928)
Mother of Biak-na-Bato. Born in San Miguel, Bulacan, on November 18, 1848. Even though women-members of the Katipunan were exempted from the pact, she participated in Sanduguan(blood compact). She fought fearlessly in 12 bloody battles of the revolution in Bulacan, including the famous Battle of Biak-na-Bato. Later, she became known as The Mother of the Philippine Red Cross. Died on June 28, 1928.
(1848-1928)
Mother of Biak-na-Bato. Born in San Miguel, Bulacan, on November 18, 1848. Even though women-members of the Katipunan were exempted from the pact, she participated in Sanduguan(blood compact). She fought fearlessly in 12 bloody battles of the revolution in Bulacan, including the famous Battle of Biak-na-Bato. Later, she became known as The Mother of the Philippine Red Cross. Died on June 28, 1928.
Teresa Magbanua
Teresa Magbanua(1871-1947)
The first woman in Panay to fight in the Philippine revolution. Known as the Visayan Joan of Arc. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, on November 4, 1871. Died in August 1947.
Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris (born October 13,1868, died August 1947) earned the distinction of being the only woman to lead combat troops in the Visayas against Spanish and American forces. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines on 13 October 1868, to wealthy parents, she earned a teaching degree and taught in her hometown. Having come from a family of revolutionaries, she immediately volunteered her services to the motherland and became an exceptional horseman and marksman. She led a large group of men in the Battle of Barrio Yoting, Capiz in early December 1898. She outfought the Spanish troops at the Battle of Sapong Hills near Sara.
She suffered greatly from the early death of her brothers General Pascual Magbanua and Elias Magbanua, at the hands of traitors.
Fifty years later, her heroism was once again displayed when she helped finance a guerrilla resistance movement by defenders together with the Allied Philippine Commonwealth troops and the Ilonggo guerrillas against the Japanese in the Battle for the Liberation of Iloilo.Teresa magbanua was likely called the “joan of arc”
She migrated to Mindanao after the war and lived with her sister Maria in Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur, where she died in August, 1947, exact day unknown.
Francisco Dagohoy
Francisco Dagohoy(c. Mid-18th century)
He led the longest revolt in Bohol against the Spaniards. The immediate cause of the revolt was the refusal of a Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to Dagohoy’s brother. The Spaniards needed 85 years before they were able to suppress the rebellion. It was only in 1829 that they finally succeeded in bringing to end the revolt started by Dagohoy.
About Dagohoy
Little is known of Francisco Dagohoy’s parentage, or his early life.[2] The only information known is that his real name was Francisco Sendrijas and that he was a native of Inabanga, Bohol. He was also a cabeza de barangay, or one of the barangay captains of the town.[3]Historians believe that his alias, Dagohoy, was derived from a belief that he possessed an amulet (“agimat” in Tagalog and “dagon” in the Cebuano) that protected him from his enemies.[4] The people believed that he possessed the charm of a gentle wind (“hoyohoy” in Cebuano), that allowed him to jump from one hill to another and from one side of the river to the other.[4] He was believed to have a clear vision inside dark caves and could turn invisible at will. The Dagohoy surname was derived from his alias “Dagon sa hoyohoy.” [4]
According to a local historian, Jes Tirol, the name Dagohoy is a concatenation of the Visayan phrase dagon sa hoyohoy meaning talisman of the breeze.[5]
[edit] The Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829)
Main article: Dagohoy Rebellion
The Dagohoy Rebellion was one of two significant revolts that occurred in Bohol, Philippines during the Spanish Era. The other one was the Tamblot Uprising in 1621 led by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest from Bohol which was basically a religious conflict.[6]Unlike the Tamblot revolt, the Dagohoy rebellion was not a religious conflict. Rather, it was like most of the early revolts which were ignited by forced labor (polo y servicios), Spanish oppression, vandala, excessive tax collection and payment of tributes.[7] On top of these injustices of the Jesuit priests, what triggered Dagohoy most was the refusal of the Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to his brother who died in service while chasing a fugitive who went against Christianity. This caused Dagohoy to call upon his fellow Boholanos to raise arms against the oppressors. The rebellion outlasted several Spanish Governors-General and several missions.[7]
In 1744, Gaspar Morales, the Jesuit curate of Inabanga, ordered Francisco’s brother, Sagarino, who was a constable, to capture an apostate fugitive. Sagarino pursued the fugitive, but the latter resisted and killed him. Morales refused to give him a Christian burial because he had died in a duel, a practice banned by the Church.
Infuriated, Francisco instigated the people to rise in arms. The signal of the uprising was the killing of Giuseppe Lamberti, Italian Jesuit curate of Jagna on January 24, 1744. The rebellion rolled over the whole island like a typhoon; Morales was slain by Dagohoy afterwards. Bishop Miguel Lino de Espeleta of Cebu, who exercised ecclesiastical authority over Bohol, tried vainly to mollify the rebellious Boholanos.
Dagohoy defeated the Spanish-Filipino forces sent against him. He established a free government in the mountains, and had 3,000 followers, which subsequently increased to 20,000. His followers remained unsubdued in their mountains stronghold and, even after Dagohoy’s death, continued to defy Spanish power.
The Francisco Dagohoy Cave in Danao was the headquarters of Dagohoy. One of the many crystal-studded passages within Dagohoy’s cave has an underwater route leading to dry land, and it is said that every time Spaniards would search the cave, Dagohoy would swim underwater through this passage to hide in the breathing space.[8] Twenty Spanish governors-general, from Gasper de la Torre (1739–45) to Juan Antonio Martinez (1822–25), tried to quell the rebellion and failed. In 1825, General Mariano Ricafort (1825–30), a kind and able administrator, became governor-general of the Philippines. Upon his order, Alcalde-mayor Jose Lazaro Cairo, at the head of 2,200 Filipino-Spanish troops and several batteries, invaded Bohol on May 7, 1827. The Boholanos resisted fiercely. Cairo won several engagements, but failed to crush the rebellion. In April 1828, another Spanish expedition under Captain Manuel Sanz landed in Bohol. After more than a year of hard campaign, he finally subdued the patriots. By August 31, 1829, the rebellion had ceased. In a chivalric move, Governor Ricafort pardoned 19,420 survivors and permitted them to live in new villages at the lowlands. These villages are now the towns of Batuan, Cabulao, Catigbian, and Bilar.
[edit] Legacy
Dagohoy is acknowledged in the pages of Philippine history as the leader of the longest Filipino insurrection on record. His revolt lasted 85 years(1744-1829).[1]The town of Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor. It was the former President Carlos P. Garcia, then the Vice President, a Boholano, who proposed the name “Dagohoy” in honor of the greatest Boholano hero.[5]
A historical marker on Dagohoy’s grave in the mountains of Danao, Bohol has been installed in his honor. The Dagohoy Marker in Magtangtang, Danao, Bohol, 92 km. from the Tagbilaran City was installed by the Philippine Historical Commission to honor the heroic deeds of Dagohoy.[9] Magtangtang was Dagohoy’s headquarters or hideout during the revolt. Hundreds of Dagohoy’s followers preferred death inside the cave than surrender. Their skeletons still remain in the site.[9]
The Dagohoy Memorial National High School in Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor.
Epifanio delos Santos
Epifanio delos Santos(1871-1928)
Lawyer, journalist, historian, philosopher, bibliographer, biographer, painter, poet, musician, literary critic, antique collector, and librarian. Born in Malabon, Rizal, on April 7, 1871. Died on April 28, 1928, in Manila.
ALSO:
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 | |
| Epifanio de los Santos Avenue | |
| Length: | 23.8 km (14.8 mi) |
|---|---|
| North end: | Monumento Rotonda in Caloocan City |
| Beltway around Manila | |
| Major junctions: | Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard in Pasay City Roxas Blvd in Pasay City Taft Ave in Pasay City SLEX at Magallanes in Makati Ayala Ave in Makati Buendia Ave at Ayala in Makati Shaw Blvd at Crossing in Mandaluyong Ortigas Ave in Mandaluyong Aurora Blvd at Cubao in Quezon City Quezon Ave in Quezon City NLEX and Quirino Hi-Way in Quezon City |
| South end: | SM Mall of Asia in Pasay City |
| Major cities: | Caloocan City, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong City, Makati City, Pasay City |
| Template:Infobox road/Manila mainTemplate:Infobox road/Manila browseTemplate:Infobox road/Manila links | |
EDSA forms the majority portion of the Circumferential Road 4 (C-4) in Metro Manila. It runs in a rough semicircle around Metropolitan Manila and, from the south, passes through the cities of Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan. Its southern endpoint is at a roundabout near the SM Mall of Asia in Pasay and its northern terminus is at Monumento, a monument to Andrés Bonifacio, in Caloocan. When the avenue was constructed during the presidency of Manuel L. Quezon, it was named Junio 19 (June 19), after the birthday of national hero José Rizal. It was later renamed Highway 54, and under Republic Act in 1959 was further renamed in honor of Epifanio de los Santos, a noted Filipino historian.
The Metro Rail Transit (MRT), Line 3 of the metropolis’ railway system, runs along most of EDSA, from Taft Avenue in the south to North Avenue near the SM City North Edsa Mall in northern EDSA. Future expansion of the MRT will extend it all the way to Monumento.
EDSA also figures prominently in the recent history of the Philippines for being the site of two peaceful demonstrations that toppled the administration of two Filipino presidents—the People Power Revolution of 1986 against Ferdinand Marcos and the EDSA Revolution of 2001 against Joseph Estrada.
Traffic management
Being the most important artery of the metropolis, EDSA handles a significant volume of the traffic that flows through the cities of Metro Manila. An average of 2.34 million vehicles go through EDSA every day.[3]The lead agency that manages the flow of traffic along EDSA is the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), an agency that is under the Office of the President and is advised by the Metro Manila Mayors League. One of the MMDA’s traffic management schemes that is in effect on EDSA, among other major thoroughfares, is the Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program, commonly known as the Number Coding Scheme. Many people observe that the cause of traffic jams on EDSA are erring bus and jeepney drivers especially as a multitude of the public utility vehicles they drive are unlicensed or “colorum”. Subsequently, buses have been the target of other traffic management programs, like the MMDA’s Organized Bus Route Program.[4][5]
[edit] Exits and major intersections
 | This section requires expansion. |
| Kilometre post | Exit Name | Exit Location | Route description and remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Mall of Asia Roundabout | Reclamation Area, Pasay | A roundabout at the SM Mall of Asia marks the beginning of EDSA. Turning either direction on J.W. Diokno Boulevard provides access to the Mall of Asia. |
| KM 1 | Macapagal intersection | This exit is a signalized intersection at Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard. Southbound takes you to Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Asia World City, and the Manila-Cavite Expressway and Cavite. Northbound takes you to Star City Amusement Park and Manila. | |
| 1 | Roxas Boulevard Intersection | Pasay | This exit at Roxas Boulevard was originally a fully signalized 4-lane intersection with a 4-lane flyover from Roxas Boulevard overhead, but due to the traffic jams it caused has been reconfigured with traffic cones and plastic highway barriers so as to allow you to go straight or turn right from EDSA. For NB EDSA travellers, exiting right takes you to Ninoy Aquino International Airport and Cavite, while Macapagal Boulevard can be used to access to NB Roxas Boulevard. And for SB EDSA travellers, exiting right takes you to Manila while Taft Avenue, Quirino Avenue and Airport Road can be used to access SB Roxas Boulevard to Cavite. |
| KM 1 | F.B. Harrison/Quirino Avenue | This intersection with F.B. Harrison/Quirino Avenue has also been reconfigured so that going straight and turning right are your only choices. There are however plenty of nearby U-turn ramps. Southbound is another route to Cavitei Province and provides access to NAIA Domestic terminal and NAIA Terminal 3. Access from SB EDSA to SB Quirino Avenue can be obtained using Taft Avenue. Northbound takes you to Manila. | |
| 2 | Taft Avenue Intersection | This exit is a signalized intersection with Taft Avenue. Southbound takes you back to Quirino Avenue and NAIA Domestic terminal. Northbound Taft Avenue takes you to Manila and Quezon City. MRT Taft Avenue and LRT EDSA are located near this intersection. | |
| KM 2 | Aurora Boulevard Flyover | Because of the MRT Tracks, there is no access to SB EDSA from Aurora Boulevard, but there is a flyover from EDSA that provides access to Aurora Boulevard. Aurora Boulevard provides access to NAIA Terminal 3, NAIA domestic terminal, and is another route to SLEX and the Skyway. | |
| 4 | Magallanes/SLEX | Makati | This exit provides access to the SLEX. There is a 2-wayflyover for motorists wishing to stay on EDSA. NB EDSA travellers can keep right to access an intersection with the SLEX, on which northbound heads to Manila and southbound heads to Cavite, Laguna, and Batangas provinces. For SB EDSA Travellers, there is a separate flyover which splits into two. Keeping on the right takes you to Manila, while to the left takes you to SB SLEX to Calamba. There is also an exit on the southbound lanes on which you can access Chino Roces/Pasong Tamo. |
| KM 5 | Makati Underpass NB | EDSA splits into two here. Keeping left will take you straight on EDSA and to Ayala Avenue, while to the right, Arnaiz/Pasay Road can be accessed. | |
| KM 5 | Arnaiz/Pasay Road | This exit is a signalized intersection with Pasay Road, on which NB you can take into the Makati CBD and southbound to Dasmariñas Village. | |
| 5 | Ayala Avenue | Although continuing straight from Arnaiz does provide access to this road, there is another exit from the NB Makati underpass before the intersection to access Ayala Avenue, Makati City’s main throughfare, on which WB you can take to Makati CBD, the Ayala Triangle and to Manila, and EB you can take to Dasmariñas Village and Taguig Global City. There is also a flyover merging in from EB Ayala to NB EDSA. | |
| KM 5 | Makati Underpass SB | Keeping left takes you on an express underpass towards the Mall of Asia while keeping right allows you to access Ayala Avenue and Arnaiz/Pasay Road. | |
| 6 | Buendia Exit | There is access to Buendia WB from SB EDSA, while access from NB EDSA can be obtained either by using a U-turn slot or via Ayala Avenue. There is no access to the Kalayaan flyover from EDSA. | |
| KM 6 | EB Kalayaan Flyover from Buendia | Makati – Kalayaan Flyover | Buendia splits into two at the beginning of the Kalayaan Flyover. Keeping right takes you to SB EDSA towards Ninoy Aquino International Airport, SM Mall of Asia and Cavite province, while keeping left takes you to the Kalayaan flyover main lanes. Just a short way from the beginning, there is an exit which you can take to access NB EDSA towards Richmond/Guadalupe, Ortigas CBD, Cubao, NLEX and Monumento. About midway through the flyover, there is an exit that can take you to the main lanes of Kalayaan Avenue towards Pateros, while keeping straight takes you to 32nd St. and Taguig Global City. |
| KM 6 | WB Kalayaan Flyover from 32nd Street. | At 32nd street near the border of Taguig and Makati City, 32nd St. splits into two. Keeping right takes you to Kalayaan Avenue and EDSA, while keeping left takes you to the Kalayaan Flyover main lanes, Buendia, and Makati City. | |
| KM 6 | WB Kalayaan Flyover from Kalayaan Avenue | The Kalayaan flyover from Kalayaan Avenue is a little different. Just before the 32nd Avenue intersection, there is an exit ramp that takes you to the Kalayaan Flyover main lanes, Buendia, and Makati City. Keeping straight on Kalayaan Avenue provides access to EDSA. Just before EDSA, Kalayaan Avenue splits into two. Keeping left takes you onto a separate flyover that provides access to SB EDSA towards Ninoy Aquino International Airport, SM Mall of Asia and Cavite province. Keeping right takes you to NB EDSA towards Richmond/Guadalupe, Ortigas CBD, Cubao, NLEX and Monumento. | |
| KM 7 | Richmond Flyover | Makati | From EDSA, Estrella St. can be accessed using a flyover from the northbound lanes, and by an exit from the southbound lanes. There is no access to NB EDSA from Estrella St. Estrella St. provides access to Richmond/Guadalupe and Mandaluyong City. |
| KM 8 | Guadalupe Interchange-Bridge | This parclo interchange with J.P. Rizal Avenue near the Guadalupe Bridge provides access to the Guadalupe district. MRT Guadalupe is located here and crosses the Pasig River. | |
| KM 9 | Boni Avenue Intersection | Mandaluyong — Ortigas CBD | Only right turns are allowed at this intersection with Boni Avenue, although Boni Avenue does have a two-lane underpass under EDSA. WB Boni Avenue heads to Mandaluyong City Center and Manila. EB Boni Avenue (Becomes Pioneer Avenue shortly after leaving EDSA) is an alternative route to Ortigas CBD. MRT Boni Avenue and Robinson’s Pioneer are located here. |
| KM 10 | Shaw Blvd. Underpass/Intersection | There is an underpass under Shaw Boulevard at the intersection for those willing to stay on EDSA. Otherwise, keeping right will take you to Shaw Boulevard. A 4-lane flyover over EDSA and MRT Shaw Boulevard are located over this intersection. WB Shaw Blvd.takes you to Manila. EB takes you to Ortigas CBD, Pasig City, and the C-5. | |
| KM 13 | Donna Julia Vargas Ave. Intersection | This exit on the northbound side provides access to D. J. Vargas Avenue, SM Megamall, Ortigas CBD and the C-5 Expressway. There is no access from SB EDSA or from the Shaw Blvd. underpass (which merges with EDSA just a short distance to the north) to this intersection. | |
| KM 15 | Ortigas Flyover | San Juan | The Westside is going to San Juan and Greenhills Shopping Center and the Eastside is going to Pasig City and Cainta, Rizal |
| KM 18 | Santolan Flyover | Quezon City | The Eastside is going to Eastwood City and Marikina City and the Westside is going to New Manila |
| KM 20 | Cubao Underpass | The Eastside is going to C-5 Road and the Westside is going to San Juan City | |
| KM 24 | Kamuning Flyover | The Northeastside is going to Quezon Memorial Circle and the Southwestside is going to Timog Area. This flyover seen on TV Stations ABS-CBN and GMA Network for live traffic updates because ABS-CBN Broadcast Center and GMA Network Center located near the flyover. | |
| KM 27 | Quezon Flyover | The Northeastside is going to Fairview and the Southwestside is going to Manila | |
| KM 29 | North Avenue Intersection | The Eastside is going to Veterans Memorial Medical Center and the Southside is going to Quezon Avenue | |
| KM 31 | Congressional-Roosevelt Intersection | The Northside is going to Tandang Sora and the Southside is going to Quezon Avenue | |
| KM 33 | NLEx-Balintawak Cloverleaf | The Northbound enters you to North Luzon Expressway going to Valenzuela City, Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley, Ilocos Region and Cordillera Administrative Region and the Southbound enters you to A. Bonifacio Avenue going to Manila | |
| KM 35 | Bonifacio Monument Roundabout | Caloocan | The Bonifacio Monument is the Northend of EDSA. The Letre Road is the part of C-4 Road from Monumento to Navotas City. The Rizal Avenue goes to Manila and the MacArthur Highway goes to North/Central Luzon. This is also the marker of 1896 Philippine Revolution together with the Katipunan headed by Andres Bonifacio. |
[edit] List of billboard related incidents and accidents along EDSA
| Date | Results |
|---|---|
| September 28 to October 1, 2006 | Typhoon Milenyo, most notably the ones at the Ortigas Avenue junction in Mandaluyong. After a month, some of the billboards were put up again, while others were confiscated by the Metro Manila Development Authority. |
| November 30 to December 1, 2006 | The number of billboard related incidents caused by Typhoon Milenyo led the government to plan the retraction and removal of billboards from Monumento to the SM Mall of Asia, as a precaution to Super Typhoon Reming which was forecast to pass over Metro Manila, potentially causing more damage. However, the typhoon did not directly hit the metropolis, but due to strong rain showers, many of the billboards remained. |
| Mid-March 2007 | During the May 14, 2007 elections, actor and UNESCO Commissioner Cesar Montano put a billboard up along EDSA as he was running for the senate. Since campaign advertising through billboards is considered illegal for any and all political candidates, the authorities removed his billboard located along the part of EDSA beside the Pasig River (Makati-Mandaluyong-EDSA Boundary), near Robinson’s Pioneer. Montano confronted the authorities on the Guadalupe Bridge and talked with MMDA employees while they removed his billboard.[citation needed] |
| April 2 to 10, 2007 | The billboard advertisements beside the Manila MRT were reported to have black paint thrown at them. On April 9, 2007, the MMDA removed the ads that were affected by the black paint. The government then planned to initiate a campaign to apprehend those who vandalized the billboards by means of advertising the offenses, and posted the advertisements from North Avenue, Quezon City to Taft Avenue in Pasay City. It was discovered later on that it was a criminal youth gang that was responsible for the billboard vandalisms. |
[edit] Gallery
 Northbound MRT train going out from the Shaw Boulevard Station while southbound vehicles pass through the Crossings Underpass. |  MRT Train in between the EDSA-Quezon Avenue Flyover. |  The end of the MRT tracks, looking south. |  EDSA Northwest-bound to Balintawak, Quezon City. |
Francisco Baltazar
Francisco Baltazar(1788-1862)
More popularly known as Balagtas, he is considered the prince of Tagalog poets. Born in Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan, on April 2, 1788. He wrote Florante at Laura, a masterpiece of local versification, upholding moral and social values; it served as the basic foundation of the Philippine literature. Died in Orion, Bataan, on February 20, 1862.
Early Life
Francisco Baltazar was born on April 2, 1788 to Juana dela Cruz and Juan Baltazar in Barrio Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan. He was baptized in a chapel in Bigaa, Bulacan. He studied in a parochial school in Bigaa. Francisco later worked as houseboy for the Trinidad family in Tondo, Manila. The master of the house let him to study Technology, Philosopy, Humanities, and Canon law at the Colegio de San Jose where two of his former teachers were Dr. Mariano Pilapil and Jose dela Cruz.[edit] Awards and Titles
Francisco entitled as the “Ama ng Balagtasan” A Balagtasan is a debate in a form of a poem, the notable characters on it is the Tagapagsalaysay (narrator), The Lakandiwa and the Lakambini, (Gentlemen and Lady)[edit] Life as a poet
Balagtas learned to write poetry from José de la Cruz (Huseng Sisiw), one of the most famous poets of Tondo. It was Jose de la Cruz himself who personally challenged Balagtas to improve his writing. (source: Talambuhay ng mga Bayani, for Grade 5 textbook)In 1835, Kiko moved to Pandacan, where he met Maria Asuncion Rivera, who would effectively serve as the muse for his future works. She is referenced in Florante at Laura as ‘Celia’ and ‘MAR’.
Balagtas’ affections for Celia were challenged by the influential Mariano Capule. Capule won the battle for Celia when he used his wealth to get Balagtas imprisoned under the accusation that he ordered a servant girl’s head to be shaved. It was here that he wrote Florante at Laura—In fact, the events of this poem were meant to parallel his own situation.
He wrote his poems in Tagalog, during an age when Filipino writing was predominantly written in Spanish.
Balagtas published Florante at Laura upon his release in 1838. He moved to Balanga, Bataan in 1840 where he served as the assistant to the Justice of peace and later, in 1856, as the Major Lieutenant. He was also appointed as the translator of the court. He married Juana Tiambeng on July 22, 1842 and had eleven children. He died on February 20, 1862 at the age of 74. Upon his deathbed, he asked a favor that none of his children would become poets like him, who had suffered under his gift as well as under others. He even went as far as to tell them it would be better to cut their hands off than let them be writers.
Balagtas is so greatly revered in the Philippines that the term for Filipino debate in extemporaneous verse is named for him: balagtasan.
[edit] Legacy
An elementary school was erected in honor of Balagtas, the Francisco Balagtas Elementary School (FBES), located along Alvarez Street in Santa Cruz, Manila. There is also a plaza and park (Plaza Balagtas) erected in Pandacan, Manila while most of the streets were named after various Florante at Laura characters in honor of Francisco Balagtas.[edit] Works
- Orosmán at Zafira – a comedy in four parts
- Don Nuño at Selinda – a comedy in three parts
- Auredato at Astrome – a comedy in three parts
- Clara Belmore – a comedy in three parts
- Abdol at Misereanan – a comedy, staged by Abucay in 1857
- Bayaceto at Dorslica – a comedy in three parts, staged at Udyong on September 27, 1857
- Alamansor at Rosalinda – a comedy staged at Udyong during the town’s feast
- La india elegante y el negrito amante – a short play in one part
- Nudo gordeano
- Rodolfo at Rosemonda
- Mahomet at Constanza
- Claus (translated into Tagalog from Latin)
- Florante at Laura, Balagtas’ masterpiece
Lapu-Lapu
 | Lapu-Lapu (c. 16th century) Chief of Mactan who led the first successful Filipino armed resistance against Spanish aggression. He fought and killed Magellan in a battle in Mactan, on April 27, 1521. Lapu-LapuFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CommemorationThe Cebuano people have erected a statue in his honor on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. A more recent statue was given as a gift to the Philippines by South Korea in 2005. It stands in Rizal Park in the national capital of Manila.[9] Lapu-Lapu appears as a central figure in the official seal of the Philippine National Police[10] and as the main design on the defunct 1-centavo coin circulated in the Philippines from 1967-1974.[11] During the First Regular Session of the 14th Congress of the Philippines, Senator Richard Gordon introduced a bill proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine national holiday to be known as Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, “Day of Lapu-Lapu”).[12] A type of red grouper native to the Philippines is commonly known as “Lapu-Lapu” [13] in the island of Luzon, but more commonly known in the Visayas and Mindanao islands as “Pugapo”, (Cebuano, “fish of the shore”). Two Philippine films, both called “Lapu-Lapu”, have been made about the figure – the first in 1955[14] and the second in 2002.[15] The latter stars actor-turned-politician Lito Lapid and Joyce Jimenez.[15] Chief Lapu-Lapu cocktail is an alcoholic drink named in his honor.[16][17] A street in the South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco, California is named after Lapu-Lapu.[18] | ||||||||||||
Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang
Maria Josefa Gabriela SilangAfter the death of Diego Silang on May 28, 1763, the fight was carried on by his wife, MARIA JOSEFA GABRIELA SILANG, and his uncle, Nicolas Cariño. She too lost her life for freedom’s sake on September 30, 1763.
Gabriela Silang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Maria Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang | |
|---|---|
| Born | March 19, 1723(1723-03-19) Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur |
| Died | September 29, 1763 (aged 32) Vigan, Ilocos Sur |
| Cause of death | Execution, hanged |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Known for | first Filipino woman to lead revolution in the Spanish colonization |
| Spouse(s) | Diego Silang |
Born in Barangay Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur, Silang was a mestiza, of Spanish and Ilocano descent. She was adopted by a wealthy businessman who later married her at the age of 20, but left after three years. In 1757, she married again, this time to 27-year-old Ilocano insurgent leader, Diego Silang. She became one of his closest advisors, a major figure in her husband’s collaboration with the British and the brief expulsion of Spanish officials from Vigan, Ilocos Sur during the British occupation of the Philippines.
On May 28, 1763, her husband was assassinated by order of royal and church authorities in Manila. After her husband’s death, she fled on horseback to the mountains of Abra to establish her headquarters, reassemble her troops, and rally the Tingguian community to fight. They descended on Vigan on September 10, 1763. But the Spanish garrison was ready, amassing Spanish, Tagalog, and Kapampangan soldiers and Ilocano collaborators to ambush her and rout her forces. Many were killed. She escaped, alongside her uncle Nicolas and seven others, but later caught on September 29, 1763. They were summarily hanged in Vigan’s plaza, with Gabriela being the last to die.
Her ferocity and death became a symbol for Filipino women, their pre-colonial importance in Filipino society and their struggle for liberation during colonization.
Legacy, recognition and inspiration
In honor of Gabriela Silang as a heroine, Ilocos Sur’s provincial hospital was named Gabriela Silang General Hospital. As an inspiration to heroism, a Filipino organization that advocates women’s issues was founded in April 1984 and named GABRIELA, or the General Assembly Binding Women for Reforms, Integrity, Equality, Leadership, and Action. siya ay sapilitang ipinakasal sa isang matandang mayaman ngunit maaga rin itong namatay kaya naiwan kay gabriella ang malaking kayamanan.Diego Silang
Diego Silang(1730-1763)
He led the revolt of the Ilocanos in opposition to the tribute and abuses of the Spanish officials. Born in Aringay, La Union, on December 16, 1730. The revolt started in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He was killed by Miguel Vicos, a Spanish mestizo who bore grievances against Diego Silang.
Diego Silang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Diego Silang y Andaya | |
|---|---|
| Born | December 16, 1730(1730-12-16) Aringay, Pangasinan |
| Died | May 28, 1763 (aged 32) Manila |
| Cause of death | Assassinated |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Spouse(s) | Gabriela Silang |
For the Philippine Navy ship, see BRP Diego Silang (PF-9).
Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was raised as an Ilocano; his father was Pangasinense. Diego Silang was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos Region (which at this time did not include Pangasinan) should be invested in trained Ilocano officials.Born in Aringay, Pangasinan (an area in present-day Caba or Aringay, La Union), Silang worked as a messenger for a local Castilian priest in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Bright, passionate and fluent in Spanish, he ferried correspondence from the Ilocos to Manila, journeys that gave him his first glimpse of colonial injustice and that planted the seed of rebellion.
Spain allied with France during the Seven Years’ War, in opposition to Great Britain. The British in response sought to diminish the Spanish Empire. The seizure of Manila by British naval forces in October, 1762, and the subsequent surrender of the Spanish Philippines to Britain during the British occupation of the Philippines, inspired uprisings in the farthest north of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan, where anti-Spanish sentiments festered. Though Silang initially wanted to replace Spanish functionaries in the Ilocos with native officials and volunteered to head Ilocano forces against the British, desperate Spanish administrators instead transferred their powers to the Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Vigan), who rejected Silang’s offer. Silang’s group attacked the city and imprisoned its priests. He then began an association with the British who appointed him governor of the Ilocos on their behalf and promised him military reinforcement. The British force never materialized.
Diego Silang was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos, whom church authorities paid to assassinate Silang. He was 32 years old.
After Diego Silang’s death, his wife, Josefa Gabriela, took command of the revolt and fought courageously. The Spanish sent a strong force against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Mounted upon a fast horse, Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan but was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. On September 20, 1763, Gabriela Silang and about a hundred of her followers were executed by the Spanish authorities.
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Jose Ma. Panganiban
(1863-1890)
Avenger of Filipino honor. Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on February 1, 1863. A good friend and co-worker of Rizal. He was Bicolandia’s greatest contribution to the historic campaign for reforms, more popularly called the Propaganda Movement. He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P. Died in Barcelona, Spain, on August 19, 1890.
(1863-1890)
Avenger of Filipino honor. Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on February 1, 1863. A good friend and co-worker of Rizal. He was Bicolandia’s greatest contribution to the historic campaign for reforms, more popularly called the Propaganda Movement. He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P. Died in Barcelona, Spain, on August 19, 1890.
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